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Environmental reconnaissance techniques using appropriate tools and processes.
Given a scenario, analyze the results of a network reconnaissance.
Given a network-based threat, implement or recommend the appropriate response and countermeasure.
Explain the purpose of practices used to secure a corporate environment.
Vulnerability Management Compare and contrast common vulnerabilities found in the following targets within an organization.
Cyber Incident Response Given a scenario, distinguish threat data or behavior to determine the impact of an incident.
Given a scenario, prepare a toolkit and use appropriate forensics tools during an investigation.
Explain the importance of communication during the incident response process.
Given a scenario, analyze common symptoms to select the best course of action to support incident response.
Summarize the incident recovery and post-incident response process.
Explain the relationship between frameworks, common policies, controls, and procedures.
Given a scenario, use data to recommend remediation of security issues related to identity and access management.
Given a scenario, review security architecture and make recommendations to implement compensating controls.
Given a scenario, use application security best practices while participating in the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC).
Compare and contrast the general purpose and reasons for using various cybersecurity tools and technologies.
- Log ingestion, Time synchronization, Logging levels, - Operating system (OS) concepts, Windows Registry, System hardening, File structure, - Configuration file locations, System processes, Hardware architecture, - Infrastructure concepts, Serverless, Virtualization, Containerization, - Network architecture, On-premises, Cloud, Hybrid, Network segmentation, Zero trust, Secure access secure edge (SASE), Software-defined networking (SDN), - Identity and access management, Multifactor authentication (MFA), Single sign-on (SSO), Federation, Privileged access management (PAM), Passwordless, Cloud access security broker (CASB), - Encryption, Public key infrastructure (PKI), Secure sockets layer (SSL) inspection, - Sensitive data protection, Data loss prevention (DLP), Personally identifiable information (PII), Cardholder data (CHD),
- Network-related, Bandwidth consumption, Beaconing, Irregular peer-to-peer communication, Rogue devices on the network, Scans/sweeps, Unusual traffic spikes, Activity on unexpected ports, - Host-related, Processor consumption, Memory consumption, Drive capacity consumption, Unauthorized software, Malicious processes, Unauthorized changes, Unauthorized privileges, Data exfiltration, Abnormal OS process behavior, File system changes or anomalies, Registry changes or anomalies, Unauthorized scheduled tasks, - Application-related, Anomalous activity, Introduction of new accounts, Unexpected output, Unexpected outbound communication, Service interruption, Application logs, - Other, Social engineering attacks, Obfuscated links,
- Tools, Packet capture, - Wireshark, - tcpdump, Log analysis/correlation, - Security information and event management (SIEM), - Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR), Endpoint security, - Endpoint detection and response (EDR), Domain name service (DNS) and Internet Protocol (IP) reputation, - WHOIS, - AbuseIPDB, File analysis, - Strings, - VirusTotal, Sandboxing, - Joe Sandbox, - Cuckoo Sandbox, - Common techniques, Pattern recognition, - Command and control, Interpreting suspicious commands, Email analysis, - Header, - Impersonation, - DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), - Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance (DMARC), - Sender Policy Framework (SPF), - Embedded links, File analysis, - Hashing, User behavior analysis, - Abnormal account activity, - Impossible travel, - Programming languages/scripting, JavaScript Object Notation (JSON), Extensible Markup Language (XML), Python, PowerShell, Shell script, Regular expressions,
- Threat actors, Advanced persistent threat (APT), Hacktivists, Organized crime, Nation-state, Script kiddie, Insider threat, - Intentional, - Unintentional, Supply chain, - Tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP), - Confidence levels, Timeliness, Relevancy, Accuracy, - Collection methods and sources, Open source, - Social media, - Blogs/forums, - Government bulletins, - Computer emergency response team (CERT), - Cybersecurity incident response team (CSIRT), - Deep/dark web, Closed source, - Paid feeds, - Information sharing organizations, - Internal sources, - Threat intelligence sharing, Incident response, Vulnerability management, Risk management, Security engineering, Detection and monitoring, - Threat hunting, Indicators of compromise (IoC), - Collection, - Analysis, - Application, Focus areas, - Configurations/misconfigurations, - Isolated networks, - Business-critical assets and processes, Active defense, Honeypot,
- Standardize processes, Identification of tasks suitable for automation, - Repeatable/do not require human interaction, Team coordination to manage and facilitate automation, - Streamline operations, Automation and orchestration, - Security orchestration, automation, and response (SOAR), Orchestrating threat intelligence data, - Data enrichment, - Threat feed combination, Minimize human engagement, - Technology and tool integration, Application programming interface (API), Webhooks, Plugins, - Single pane of glass,
- Asset discovery, Map scans, Device fingerprinting, - Special considerations, Scheduling, Operations, Performance, Sensitivity levels, Segmentation, Regulatory requirements, - Internal vs. external scanning, - Agent vs. agentless, - Credentialed vs. non-credentialed, - Passive vs. active, - Static vs. dynamic, Reverse engineering, Fuzzing, - Critical infrastructure, Operational technology (OT), Industrial control systems (ICS), Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), - Security baseline scanning, - Industry frameworks, Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS), Center for Internet Security (CIS) benchmarks, Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27000 series,
- Tools, Network scanning and mapping, - Angry IP Scanner, - Maltego, Web application scanners, - Burp Suite, - Zed Attack Proxy (ZAP), - Arachni, - Nikto, Vulnerability scanners, - Nessus, - OpenVAS, Debuggers, - Immunity debugger, - GNU debugger (GDB), Multipurpose, - Nmap, - Metasploit framework (MSF), - Recon-ng, Cloud infrastructure assessment tools, - Scout Suite, - Prowler, - Pacu,
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) interpretation, Attack vectors, Attack complexity, Privileges required, User interaction, Scope, Impact, - Confidentiality, - Integrity, - Availability, - Validation, True/false positives, True/false negatives, - Context awareness, Internal, External, Isolated, - Exploitability/weaponization, - Asset value, - Zero-day,
- Cross-site scripting, Reflected, Persistent, - Overflow vulnerabilities, Buffer, Integer, Heap, Stack, - Data poisoning, - Broken access control, - Cryptographic failures, - Injection flaws, - Cross-site request forgery, - Directory traversal, - Insecure design, - Security misconfiguration, - End-of-life or outdated components, - Identification and authentication failures, - Server-side request forgery, - Remote code execution, - Privilege escalation, - Local file inclusion (LFI)/remote file inclusion (RFI),
- Compensating control, - Control types, Managerial, Operational, Technical, Preventative, Detective, Responsive, Corrective, - Patching and configuration management, Testing, Implementation, Rollback, Validation, - Maintenance windows, - Exceptions, - Risk management principles, Accept, Transfer, Avoid, Mitigate, - Policies, governance, and service-level objectives (SLOs), - Prioritization and escalation, - Attack surface management, Edge discovery, Passive discovery, Security controls testing, Penetration testing and adversary emulation, Bug bounty, Attack surface reduction, - Secure coding best practices, Input validation, Output encoding, Session management, Authentication, Data protection, Parameterized queries, - Secure software development life cycle (SDLC), - Threat modeling,
- Cyber kill chains, - Diamond Model of Intrusion Analysis, - MITRE ATT&CK, - Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSS TMM), - OWASP Testing Guide,
- Detection and analysis, IoC, Evidence acquisitions, - Chain of custody, - Validating data integrity, - Preservation, - Legal hold, Data and log analysis, - Scope, - Impact, - Isolation, - Remediation, - Re-imaging, - Compensating controls, - Containment, eradication, and recovery,
- Vulnerability management reporting, Vulnerabilities, Affected hosts, Risk score, Mitigation, Recurrence, Prioritization, - Compliance reports, - Action plans, Configuration management, Patching, Compensating controls, Awareness, education, and training, Changing business requirements, - Inhibitors to remediation, Memorandum of understanding (MOU), Service-level agreement (SLA), Organizational governance, Business process interruption, Degrading functionality, Legacy systems, Proprietary systems, - Metrics and key performance indicators (KPIs), Trends, Top 10, Critical vulnerabilities and zero-days, SLOs, - Stakeholder identification and communication,
- Stakeholder identification and communication, - Incident declaration and escalation, - Incident response reporting, Executive summary, Who, what, when, where, and why, Recommendations, Timeline, Impact, Scope, Evidence, - Communications, Legal, Public relations, - Customer communication, - Media, Regulatory reporting, Law enforcement, - Root cause analysis, - Lessons learned, - Metrics and KPIs, Mean time to detect, Mean time to respond, Mean time to remediate, Alert volume,
